Lesson Plan: Executive Power and U.S. Intervention: The Arrest of Manuel Noriega
Grades 9-12
Manuel Noriega worked with U.S. intelligence for years before becoming Panama’s de facto ruler in 1983. His relationship with the C.I.A. served U.S. Cold War priorities, including efforts against Nicaragua’s Sandinista government, even as evidence emerged of his involvement in drug trafficking. In 1989, the United States invaded Panama and removed him from power. He was later tried and convicted in a U.S. court on drug trafficking and other charges. His case raises questions about strategic alliances, presidential power and the justification for military intervention.
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